Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a contagious disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus. The virus can cause symptoms like a painful rash, swollen lymph nodes, fever, and muscle aches. While most people recover, some can become seriously ill, especially children, pregnant individuals, and those with weakened immune systems.

How Mpox Spreads and Affects the Body

The disease spreads through close contact with infected individuals, animals, or contaminated materials. The virus can also pass from a pregnant person to their unborn baby. Symptoms usually start within a week of exposure but can take up to 21 days to appear. These symptoms often last 2–4 weeks but may persist longer in those with compromised immune systems.

A rash is a common symptom of mpox. It typically begins as a flat sore, which then develops into a fluid-filled blister. The rash can appear anywhere on the body, including the face, mouth, hands, feet, and genital areas. The disease is contagious until all the sores have healed and new skin has formed.

Nigeria’s Response to the Global Mpox Outbreak

In 2022-2023, mpox emerged globally, spreading beyond its traditional regions in Africa. During this outbreak, Nigeria reported a significant number of cases. As of August 2024, Nigeria had reported 786 suspected cases, 39 confirmed cases, and no deaths.

In response to the outbreak, Nigeria has become the first African country to receive mpox vaccines. The country received 10,000 doses of the Jynneos (MVA) vaccine, manufactured by Bavarian Nordic and donated by the United States government. The vaccine will be administered in two doses to 5,000 high-risk individuals, including close contacts of confirmed cases and frontline healthcare workers.

Global Support and WHO’s Role

To support the vaccination campaign, Nigeria’s National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control has granted Emergency Use Authorization for the vaccine. The World Health Organization (WHO) is assisting the Nigerian government in scaling up outbreak response measures, such as surveillance, contact tracing, laboratory capacity, and risk communication. WHO is also working with global partners to address vaccine access gaps, particularly in Africa.

Dr. Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Regional Director for Africa, emphasized the importance of global solidarity in combating public health emergencies, stating, “The delivery of the mpox vaccines to Nigeria is a crucial addition to ongoing measures to halt the virus and protect health. We are grateful for the generosity of the United States government and look forward to increased global support to effectively address the threat of mpox.”

While Nigeria leads the way, WHO continues to support other African countries affected by mpox. As of August 2024, 12 countries in the region had reported cases, with over 15,000 suspected cases and 26 deaths confirmed.

Source: World Health Organization (WHO)